Earnings season begins as major indices hit interim highs, but trade war uncertainties persist.

Last Friday, the U.S. stock market closed strongly, with all three major indices reaching new interim highs, giving investors a breather after a week of intense volatility. The first-quarter earnings season officially kicked off with strong performances from major banks, injecting confidence into the market.

Amid fluctuating market sentiment, Boston Fed President Collins signaled the assurance of “ensuring smooth financial market operations if necessary,” further stabilizing investor expectations. Meanwhile, New York Fed President Williams stated that the U.S. is not yet in a "stagflation" situation and that the Federal Reserve is capable of meeting current economic challenges.

Despite this, market fluctuations remain significant. Ongoing trade tensions, coupled with changes in European tariff policies, caused investor anxiety. The gap between the high and low points of the S&P 500 index this week was the largest since the outbreak of the pandemic in March 2020, indicating extremely high market volatility.

Despite uncertainties, major indices achieved substantial gains. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 1.56% to 40,212.71 points; the S&P 500 increased by 1.81% to 5,363.36 points; and the Nasdaq jumped 2.06% to close at 16,724.46 points. For the week, all three indices recorded significant weekly gains, with the S&P 500 and Dow achieving the largest weekly percentage gains since November 2023, while the Nasdaq marked its best weekly performance since November 2022.

On the earnings front, JPMorgan, Morgan Stanley, and Wells Fargo all delivered results that exceeded market expectations, boosting overall market sentiment. However, all three banks warned that ongoing trade tensions could drag on future economic growth, causing investors to remain cautious about the outlook for bank stocks.

From an economic data perspective, U.S. inflation continues to show signs of easing. Data from the U.S. Department of Labor shows that the Producer Price Index (PPI) fell by 0.4% in March, exceeding market expectations. However, consumer confidence remains low, with the one-year inflation expectation rising to 6.7%, the highest since 1981, indicating that inflation concerns have not been completely alleviated.

According to the latest data from the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG), analysts expect earnings for the S&P 500 component companies to grow by 8.0% year-on-year in the first quarter, below the initial forecast of 12.2%, but still at a healthy level overall.

In terms of sector performance, all 11 major sectors of the S&P 500 rose, with materials and technology sectors leading the way, once again demonstrating the market's preference for growth industries.

Overall, while trade uncertainties continue to exert pressure and inflation concerns have not fully dissipated, strong earnings performance and Federal Reserve policy support have steadied the market amid the storm. Moving forward, investors need to be prepared to cope with volatility, as this week's trends might just be the prelude to nights of turbulence.

The market carries risks, and investment should be cautious. This article does not constitute personal investment advice and has not taken into account individual users' specific investment goals, financial situations, or needs. Users should consider whether any opinions, viewpoints, or conclusions in this article are suitable for their particular circumstances. Investing based on this is at one's own responsibility.